Leuconostoc lactis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Leuconostoc lactis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43-45%. Leuconostoc lactis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Dicks1993; Farrow1989; Holzapfel2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, urine) and dairy fermentation. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dicks1993); (Farrow1989); (Holzapfel2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt; doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.8; tolerates pH 6.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 39℃; Grows optimally at 27-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; gentiobiose; D-turanose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • citrate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dicks1993); (Holzapfel2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate (major); CO₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Farrow1989);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Heilig, H. G. H. J., Zoetendal, E. G., Vaughan, E. E., Marteau, P., Akkermans, A. D. L., & de Vos, W. M. (2002). Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(1), 114–123.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Leuconostocaceae Genus:  Leuconostoc Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, urine) and dairy fermentation
    DNA G+C(%):  43-45
    Opt. T:  27-30℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  39(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.8(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Arginine:  neg Milk:  curdle
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  d(+) Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  d Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Citrate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  Major(+) CO2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC LACTIS
  • Dicks1993 - Leuconostoc argentinum sp. nov., Isolated from Argentine Raw Milk.
  • Farrow1989 - Nucleic Acid Homologies of Some Vancomycin-Resistant Leuconostocs and Description of Leuconostoc citreum sp. nov. and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides sp. nov.
  • Holzapfel2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Leuconostocaceae, Genus I. Leuconostoc
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LEUCONOSTOC LACTIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC LACTIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021