Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides

(aka Leuconostoc mesenteroides)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, (aka Leuconostoc mesenteroides), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 12 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37-41%. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Farrow1989; Holzapfel2011Bergey; Garvie1979; Garvie1960)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy and coeliac children) and clinical sources (CCUG - blood, wound, abscess, bile). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farrow1989); (Holzapfel2011Bergey); (Garvie1979); (Garvie1960);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4.8; Grows optimally at pH 6.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 20-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • amygdalin; cellubiose; lactose; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; glutamate; valine; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holzapfel2011Bergey); (Garvie1979); (Garvie1960);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Farrow1989);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Dal Bello, F., & Hertel, C. (2006). Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29(1), 69–76.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Leuconostocaceae Genus:  Leuconostoc Alt. name:  Leuconostoc mesenteroides Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy and coeliac children) and clinical sources (CCUG - blood, wound, abscess, bile)
    DNA G+C(%):  37-41
    Opt. T:  20-30℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.8(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle(d)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  vr L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(neg) Gentiobiose:  vr Lactose:  d(neg) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  vr Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  d(neg) Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  vr Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  vr Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Glu:  + Val:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  vr GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES SUBSP. MESENTEROIDES
  • Farrow1989 - Nucleic Acid Homologies of Some Vancomycin-Resistant Leuconostocs and Description of Leuconostoc citreum sp. nov. and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides sp. nov.
  • Holzapfel2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Leuconostocaceae, Genus I. Leuconostoc
  • Garvie1979 - Proposal of Neotype Strains for Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Tsenkovskii) van Tieghem, Leuconostoc dextranicum (Beijerinck) Hucker and Pederson, and Leuconostoc cremoris (Knudsen and Sørensen) Garvie
  • Garvie1983 - NOTES: Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris (Knudsen and Sørensen) comb. nov. and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (Beijerinck) comb. nov.
  • Garvie1960 - The genus Leuconostoc and its nomenclature.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES SUBSP. MESENTEROIDES
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • DalBello2006 - Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES SUBSP. MESENTEROIDES
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: April 08, 2021