Ligilactobacillus animalis

(aka Lactobacillus animalis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ligilactobacillus animalis, (aka Lactobacillus animalis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41–44%. Ligilactobacillus animalis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Hammes2011eBergey; Rossi2016; Dent1982)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources ( blood, abscess, wound - CCUG), human dental plaque, animal faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hammes2011eBergey); (Dent1982);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-arabinose; ribose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hammes2011eBergey); (Dent1982);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Macfarlane, S., Furrie, E., Cummings, J. H., & Macfarlane, G. T. (2004). Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 38(12), 1690–1699.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Ligilactobacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus animalis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources ( blood, abscess, wound - CCUG), human dental plaque, animal faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  41–44
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  d L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LIGILACTOBACILLUS ANIMALIS
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Hammes2011eBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Ligilactobacillus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Dent1982 - Lactobacillus animalis sp. nov., a new species of lactobacillus from the alimentary canal of animals.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LIGILACTOBACILLUS ANIMALIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LIGILACTOBACILLUS ANIMALIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021