Listeria innocua

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Listeria innocua is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36-38%. Listeria innocua is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Seeliger1981; Orsi2016; Mclauchlin2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), clinical sources, food and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Seeliger1981); (Orsi2016); (Mclauchlin2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 38℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; dextrin; lactose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; xylitol; α-methyl glucoside; β-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fructose; mannose; rhamnose; D-tagatose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; melezitose; sucrose; D-arabitol; arbutin; 5-ketogluconate; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • D-alanine peptidase; N-Ac α-glucosaminidase; catalase; chymotrypsin; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; leucine esterase; lysine aminopeptidase; α-mannosidase; β-mannosidase; phosphoamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Orsi2016); (Mclauchlin2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • oxacillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefixime; cefoperazone; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;
  • NOTES

    Produces cystine arylamidase.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Listeriaceae Genus:  Listeria Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), clinical sources, food and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  36-38
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  38(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Starch:  d Hippurate:  vr Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  d Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  d D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  d Xylose:  d L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Gentiobiose:  d Lactose:  + Maltose:  d Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  d Dextrin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  d L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  vr Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  d(+) Arbutin:  d Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  d Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  + Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  d Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-α-glcamnd:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  d α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  + β-Mannosidase:  + D-AlaninePA:  + ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + LysAP:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  vr AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lecithinase:  neg Leu esterase:  + Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Res
    penicillin:  Res
    cefaclor:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >64, RNG: (16->64)
    cefixime:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (>64-)
    cefoperazone:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >64, RNG: (2->64)
    cefprozil:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    cefuroxime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >64, RNG: (1->64)
    gentamicin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    quin-dalf:  Sens
    linezolid:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    levofloxacin:  Sens
    moxifloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    teicoplanin:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LISTERIA INNOCUA
  • Favaro2014 - First case of Listeria innocua meningitis in a patient on steroids and eternecept.
  • Nwaiwu2020 - What are the recognized species of the genus Listeria?.
  • Seeliger1981 - [Nonpathogenic listeriae: L. innocua sp. n. (Seeliger et Schoofs, 1977) (author's transl)].
  • Orsi2016 - Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009
  • Mclauchlin2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Listeriaceae, Genus I. Listeria
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LISTERIA INNOCUA
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LISTERIA INNOCUA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Vos2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology: Vol. 3. The Firmicutes
    • Added: April 22, 2021