Lysinibacillus sphaericus

(aka Bacillus sphaericus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lysinibacillus sphaericus, (aka Bacillus sphaericus), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37-38.3%. Lysinibacillus sphaericus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ahmed2007; Logan2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from soil, environment, food, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ahmed2007); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; tolerates 5% salt; doesn't tolerate 7% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4.2-5.9; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; mannose; ribose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; pyruvate; N-acetylmannosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; oxidase; phenylalanine deaminase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ahmed2007); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Ahmed2007); (Reva1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • benzylpenicillin; carbenicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

  • Taylor, G. R., Kropp, K. D., & Molina, T. C. (1985). Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50(6), 1349–1356.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Caryophanales Family:  Caryophanaceae Genus:  Lysinibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus sphaericus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  soil, environment, food, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  37-38.3
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.2-5.9(neg)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  vr Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(+) 80(vr)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  vr Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + Citrate:  d 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  + TrpAA:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Var
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    carbenicil:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Var
    streptomycin:  R(8)
    erythromycin:  R(1,vr)
    oleandomycin:  I
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(2)
    rifampicin:  S(0.25)
    chloramphenicol:  R(8,vr)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LYSINIBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
  • Ahmed2007 - Proposal of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans gen. nov. sp. nov., and transfer of Bacillus fusiformis to Lysinibacillus fusiformis comb. nov. and Bacillus sphaericus to Lysinibacillus sphaericus comb. nov.
  • Dunlap2019 - Lysinibacillus mangiferihumi, Lysinibacillus tabacifolii and Lysinibacillus varians are later heterotypic synonyms of Lysinibacillus sphaericus.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Reva1995 - Antibiotic Susceptibility as a Taxonomic Characteristic of the Genus Bacillus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LYSINIBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LYSINIBACILLUS SPHAERICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021