Mammaliicoccus vitulinus

(aka Staphylococcus vitulinus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Mammaliicoccus vitulinus, (aka Staphylococcus vitulinus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 32.5%. Mammaliicoccus vitulinus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Madhaiyan2020; Svec2004; Webster1994; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, meat, and animals. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Svec2004); (Webster1994);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; hippurate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; sucrose; α-methyl glucoside; β-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glycerol; mannitol; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • cellubiose; ribose; salicin; trehalose; xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-glucosidase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Webster1994);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced by most strains
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Webster1994);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • novobiocin;

  • Dubourg, G., Lagier, J. C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Hamad, I., Brouqui, P., & Raoult, D. (2013). The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(5), 637–645.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Mammaliicoccus Alt. name:  Staphylococcus vitulinus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  +
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, meat, and animals
    DNA G+C(%):  32.5
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  vr Mannose:  neg Ribose:  vr D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  vr Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Turanose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  d(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  d N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  + Salicin:  d Xylitol:  neg Arg:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var
    bacitracin:  Res
    clindamycin:  Sens
    novobiocin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MAMMALIICOCCUS VITULINUS
  • Madhaiyan2020 - Phylogenomic analyses of the Staphylococcaceae family suggest the reclassification of five species within the genus Staphylococcus as heterotypic synonyms, the promotion of five subspecies to novel species, the taxonomic reassignment of five Staphylococcus species to Mammaliicoccus gen. nov., and the formal assignment of Nosocomiicoccus to the family Staphylococcaceae
  • Svec2004 - Reclassification of Staphylococcus pulvereri Zakrzewska-Czerwinska et al. 1995 as a later synonym of Staphylococcus vitulinus Webster et al. 1994.
  • Webster1994 - Identification of the Staphylococcus sciuri Species Group with Eco RI Fragments Containing rRNA Sequences and Description of Staphylococcus vitulus sp. nov.
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MAMMALIICOCCUS VITULINUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MAMMALIICOCCUS VITULINUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021