Mediterraneibacter faecis

(aka Ruminococcus faecis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Mediterraneibacter faecis, (aka Ruminococcus faecis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43.4%. Mediterraneibacter faecis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Togo2018; Kim2011a)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Togo2018); (Kim2011a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sorbitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; α-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Togo2018); (Kim2011a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • NOTES

    This is a recently discovered species and common inhabitant of the human gut.

    Fuel sources used:
    It can use simple sugars (including lactose) and limited types of protein for energy.

    Metabolites produced:
    Our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species can produce the following metabolites: acetate, BCAAs, lactate, propionate, succinate, cobalamin, folate, biotin.

    Metabolites consumed:
    In addition, our genomic analysis indicates that most members of this species do not consume any reported metabolites.

    Bacterial strain Eg2T, an anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming coccus, was isolated from human faeces. The optimal temperature for its growth was 37°C. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. The strain was able to hydrolyze esculin and to produce acids from the fermentation of several substrates, including glucose. Lactic and acetic acids were the main products of glucose fermentation. The major fatty acids present in this strain were C16:0, C14:0, and C18:1 cis11 DMA. The G+C content was 43.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain Eg2T was closely related to species of the genus Ruminococcus (96.3% similarity to R. torques and 96.2% similarity to R. lactaris), and its taxonomic position was placed within the Clostridium cluster XIVa. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that this novel strain be assigned to the genus Ruminococcus and be named Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov. The type strain is Eg2T (=KCTC 5757T =JCM 15917T).

  • References: [1]

  • Kim, M.-S., Roh, S. W., & Bae, J.-W. (2011). Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. The Journal of Microbiology, 49(3), 487–491.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Mediterraneibacter Alt. name:  Ruminococcus faecis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  43.4
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MEDITERRANEIBACTER FAECIS
  • Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.
  • Kim2011a - Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MEDITERRANEIBACTER FAECIS
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MEDITERRANEIBACTER FAECIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: August 07, 2021