Megamonas funiformis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Megamonas funiformis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 12 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 32.9%. Megamonas funiformis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Sakon2008)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sakon2008);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1.5% salt; doesn't tolerate 3-5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 30℃; grows at 37℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; xylose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; sorbitol; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • ribose; inulin; dulcitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; valine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sakon2008);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; lactate (minor); succinate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta (weak)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Sakon, H., Nagai, F., Morotomi, M., & Tanaka, R. (2008). Sutterella parvirubra sp. nov. and Megamonas funiformis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58(Pt 4), 970–975.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Selenomonadales Family:  Selenomonadaceae Genus:  Megamonas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  32.9
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1.5(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3-5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  w α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg ValAP:  + AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  w Esterase(C4):  w EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  minor(+) Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MEGAMONAS FUNIFORMIS
  • Sakon2008 - Sutterella parvirubra sp. nov. and Megamonas funiformis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Miyake2015 - Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters
  • Wan2019 - Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple System Atrophy Patients
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MEGAMONAS FUNIFORMIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MEGAMONAS FUNIFORMIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021