Megamonas hypermegale

(aka Bacteroides hypermegas)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Megamonas hypermegale, (aka Bacteroides hypermegas), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 15 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 32-34%. Megamonas hypermegale is a common gut coloniser. (Shah1982; Cato1976; Harrison1963)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and turkey intestines. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1982); (Cato1976); (Harrison1963);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; xanthine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1.5% salt; doesn't tolerate 3-5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 30℃; grows at 37℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; xylose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • rhamnose; ribose; amygdalin; inulin; cellubiose; dulcitol; glycerol; inositol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; thymidine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; α-mannosidase; valine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1982); (Cato1976); (Harrison1963);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Shah1982); (Cato1976); (Harrison1963);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;

  • Megamonas hypermegale was the first species of the Megamonas genus described. The bacterium was isolated from chicken cecum and first described in 1936 as Bacteroides hypermegas by Harrison and Hansen, and the original name was changed to Megamonas hypermegale by Euz�_by in 1998. This microorganism is strictly anaerobic and nonmotile. Its optimal growth temperature is 37��C. The species Megamonas funiformis was identified in human feces in 2008 in Japan by Sakon et al. Cells from this bacterium are large Gram-negative rods, 5 to 10 _m in size. Some of the cells exhibit a central, subterminal, or terminal swelling of 2- to 4-_m diameter when grown in a broth medium supplemented with glucose. [PMID: 29326224]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Megamonas hypermegale was the first species of the Megamonas genus described. The bacterium was isolated from chicken cecum and first described in 1936 as Bacteroides hypermegas by Harrison and Hansen, and the original name was changed to Megamonas hypermegale by Euzéby in 1998. This microorganism is strictly anaerobic and nonmotile. Its optimal growth temperature is 37°C. The species Megamonas funiformis was identified in human feces in 2008 in Japan by Sakon et al. Cells from this bacterium are large Gram-negative rods, 5 to 10 μm in size. Some of the cells exhibit a central, subterminal, or terminal swelling of 2- to 4-_m diameter when grown in a broth medium supplemented with glucose. [PMID: 29326224]

  • Moore, WEC & LV Holdeman (1974). Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 961-979.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Selenomonadales Family:  Selenomonadaceae Genus:  Megamonas Alt. name:  Bacteroides hypermegas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and turkey intestines
    DNA G+C(%):  32-34
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1.5(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3-5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  d Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Glycerol:  d Inositol:  d Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg ValAP:  + AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin:  Var
    kanamycin:  S(100; disc)
    neomycin:  S(25; disc)
    streptomycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  S(50; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    bacitracin:  R(3U)
    rifampicin:  R(10; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    colistin:  S(10; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MEGAMONAS HYPERMEGALE
  • Shah1982 - Reclassification of Bacteroides hypermegas (Harrison and Hansen) in a new genus Megamonas, as Megamonas hypermegas comb, nov.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Shimizu2019 - Relative abundance of Megamonas hypermegale and Butyrivibrio species decreased in the intestine and its possible association with the T cell aberration by metabolite alteration in patients with Behcet's disease
  • Weir2013 - Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults
  • Cato1976 - Designation of the Neotype Strain of Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen.
  • Harrison1963 - Bacteroides hypermegas nov. spec.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MEGAMONAS HYPERMEGALE
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MEGAMONAS HYPERMEGALE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021