Megasphaera elsdenii

(aka Peptostreptococcus elsdenii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Megasphaera elsdenii, (aka Peptostreptococcus elsdenii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 21 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 53.1-54.1%. Megasphaera elsdenii is a common gut coloniser. (Lanjekar2014; Rogosa1971; Marchandin2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and Sheep rumen and other animal faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Lanjekar2014); (Rogosa1971); (Marchandin2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.1.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; mannitol; gluconate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adonitol; fructose; gluconate; glucose; maltotriose; threonine; 3-hydroxybutyrate; lactate; L-malate; pyruvate; succinate; meso-tartrate; DL-glycerol phosphate; α-ketovalerate; α-ketobutyrate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Lanjekar2014); (Rogosa1971); (Marchandin2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; butyrate; valerate; isobutyrate; H₂S; caproate; CO₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • VP test:
  • weakly active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Lanjekar2014); (Marchandin2011Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Veillonellales Family:  Veillonellaceae Genus:  Megasphaera Alt. name:  Peptostreptococcus elsdenii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci Pigment:  +
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and Sheep rumen and other animal faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  53.1-54.1
    Opt. T:  37-40℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    Opt. pH:  6.1
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg Milk:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Gluconate:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  vr Maltotriose:  + Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  vr Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  vr Starch:  neg Met:  neg Phe:  neg Thr:  + Fumarate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + Lactate:  + Malate:  neg L-Malate:  + Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Butyrate:  + Valerate:  + Isobutyrate:  + H2S:  + Caproate:  + CO2:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  R(5; disc)
    colistin:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII
  • Lanjekar2014 - Megasphaera indica sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from human faeces.
  • Rogosa1971 - Transfer of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii Gutierrez et al. to a New Genus, Megasphaera [M. elsdenii (Gutierrez et al.) comb. nov.].
  • Marchandin2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Veillonellaceae, Genus XIII. Megasphaera
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Lozupone2013 - Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection
  • Wang2019 - Differential composition of gut microbiota among healthy volunteers, morbidly obese patients and post-bariatric surgery patients
  • Wang2019b - Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Xu2019 - Altered gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in patients with schizophrenia
  • Ye2018 - A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet's disease
  • Zhong2019 - Distinct gut metagenomics and metaproteomics signatures in prediabetics and treatment-naïve type 2 diabetics
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021