Methylorubrum extorquens

(aka Methylobacterium extorquens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Methylorubrum extorquens, (aka Methylobacterium extorquens), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 69.4%. Methylorubrum extorquens is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Green2018; Kato2005; Green2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Green2018); (Kato2005); (Green2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 37℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; fucose; ribose; xylose; L-xylose; D-lyxose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; glycerol; methanol; betaine; acetate; formate; fumarate; DL-lactate; L-malate; malonate; pyruvate; succinate; D-malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • aspartate; glutamate; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Green2018); (Kato2005); (Green2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; ammonia; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Green2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • carbenicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • framycetin; gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Hyphomicrobiales Family:  Methylobacteriaceae Genus:  Methylorubrum Alt. name:  Methylobacterium extorquens Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  69.4
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7
    		Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  w Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Ethanol:  + Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Methanol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  d Betaine:  + Glu:  d Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg Sarcosine:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  + Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Formate:  + Fumarate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  + Phenol:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Sebacate:  neg Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Ammonia:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    carbenicil:  Res
    penicillin:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    framycetin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR METHYLORUBRUM EXTORQUENS
  • Green2018 - Review of the genus Methylobacterium and closely related organisms: a proposal that some Methylobacterium species be reclassified into a new genus, Methylorubrum gen. nov.
  • Kato2005 - Reclassification of Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum as later subjective synonyms of Methylobacterium extorquens and of Methylobacterium lusitanum as a later subjective synonym of Methylobacterium rhodesianum.
  • Green2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Methylobacteriaceae, Genus I. Methylobacterium
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR METHYLORUBRUM EXTORQUENS
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: October 28, 2021