Microbacterium chocolatum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Microbacterium chocolatum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 69.5%. Microbacterium chocolatum is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Takeuchi1998a; Suzuki2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and culture contamination. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Takeuchi1998a); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • grows weakly in 2% salt; doesn't tolerate 5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • mannose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • gluconate; maltose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Takeuchi1998a); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • orange

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Microbacteriaceae Genus:  Microbacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and culture contamination
    DNA G+C(%):  69.5
    Opt. T:  28℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(w)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  w Tween:  20(+) 40(+) 60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  vr Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Mannose:  w Maltose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Mannitol:  w Acetate:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Lactate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Pigment:  orange

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MICROBACTERIUM CHOCOLATUM
  • Takeuchi1998a - Proposal of six new species in the genus Microbacterium and transfer of Flavobacterium marinotypicum ZoBell and Upham to the genus Microbacterium as Microbacterium maritypicum comb. nov.
  • Suzuki2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Microbacteriaceae, Genus I. Microbacteria
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MICROBACTERIUM CHOCOLATUM
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021