Microbacterium foliorum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Microbacterium foliorum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67%. Microbacterium foliorum is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Behrendt2001; Suzuki2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from phyllosphere of grasses, mulch and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Behrendt2001); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; DNA; gelatin; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 37(d); Grows optimally at 25℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; mannose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-arabinose; fucose; rhamnose; ribose; glycogen; inulin; starch; gentiobiose; lactose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sorbitol; α-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside; methyl xyloside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; gluconate; glucose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • citrate; phenylacetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; α-mannosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Behrendt2001); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Microbacteriaceae Genus:  Microbacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  phyllosphere of grasses, mulch and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  67
    Opt. T:  25℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(d)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  w Casein:  neg DNA:  + Tween:  60(d) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  d L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  d D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  d Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  d Inulin:  d Starch:  d Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  d Me-Xyloside:  d Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Maltose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Gluconate:  + Mannitol:  + Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  d Malate:  + Phenylacetate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MICROBACTERIUM FOLIORUM
  • Behrendt2001 - Description of Microbacterium foliorum sp. nov. and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses and the surface litter after mulching the sward, and reclassification of Aureobacterium resistens (Funke et al. 1998) as Microbacterium resistens comb. nov.
  • Suzuki2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Microbacteriaceae, Genus I. Microbacteria
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MICROBACTERIUM FOLIORUM
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021