Microbacterium paraoxydans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Microbacterium paraoxydans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 69.9%. Microbacterium paraoxydans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Buczolits2008; Laffineur2003; Suzuki2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Buczolits2008); (Laffineur2003); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; DNA; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt; tolerates 7% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose; sucrose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; cellubiose; aesculin; fructose; fucose; galactose; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melezitose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; salicin; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • amygdalin; D-fucose; sorbitol; sorbose; xylitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; phosphoamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Buczolits2008); (Laffineur2003); (Suzuki2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Laffineur2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Microbacteriaceae Genus:  Microbacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  69.9
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  w Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + DNA:  + Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  d Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  d Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Amygdalin:  d Aesculin:  + Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  vr β-Galactosidase:  vr α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  vr Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  vr AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  neg Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  SensRNG: (1-1.5)
    penicillin:  SensRNG: (1.5-2)
    cefotaxime:  RNG: (3-6)
    cephalothin:  R(16-24)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (2-3)
    clarithromycin:  S(<0.016)
    ciprofloxacin:  SensRNG: (1-1.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  RNG: (3-4)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MICROBACTERIUM PARAOXYDANS
  • Buczolits2008 - Identification of a bacterial strain isolated from the liver of a laboratory mouse as Microbacterium paraoxydans and emended description of the species Microbacterium paraoxydans Laffineur et al 2003.
  • Laffineur2003 - Bacteremia Due to a Novel Microbacterium Species in a Patient with Leukemia and Description of Microbacterium paraoxydans sp. nov.
  • Suzuki2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Microbacteriaceae, Genus I. Microbacteria
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MICROBACTERIUM PARAOXYDANS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: April 08, 2021