Micrococcus lylae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Micrococcus lylae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Micrococcus lylae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kloos1974; Wieser2002; Chen2009)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Hoyles2012), and old painting. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kloos1974); (Wieser2002); (Chen2009);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 6;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; D-fucose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; sorbose; glycogen; inulin; starch; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; D-lyxose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; adonitol; dulcitol; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; 5-ketogluconate; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; aspartate; histidine; leucine; acetate; citrate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; DL-lactate; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; catalase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; Pro arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kloos1974); (Wieser2002); (Chen2009);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • white

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Micrococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  white
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Hoyles2012), and old painting
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Casein:  neg Tween:  20(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  neg β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  + His:  + Leu:  + Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  neg Ser:  neg Trp:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Itaconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Suberate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + LeuAA:  + ProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  white

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MICROCOCCUS LYLAE
  • Kloos1974 - Isolation and Characterization of Micrococci From Human Skin, Including Two New Species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae.
  • Wieser2002 - Emended descriptions of the genus Micrococcus, Micrococcus luteus (Cohn 1872) and Micrococcus lylae (Kloos et al. 1974).
  • Chen2009 - Micrococcus endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from surface-sterilized Aquilaria sinensis roots.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MICROCOCCUS LYLAE
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MICROCOCCUS LYLAE
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021