Mitsuokella multacida

(aka Bacteroides multiacidus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Mitsuokella multacida, (aka Bacteroides multiacidus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 18 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 56-58%. Mitsuokella multacida is a common gut coloniser. (Shah1982a; Willems2011bBergey; Mitsuoka1974)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and livestock animals. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Reported to ferment gluconate to acetate and lactate in pigs.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1982a); (Willems2011bBergey); (Mitsuoka1974);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 4.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 20℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; dextrin; aesculin; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; inositol; arbutin; gluconate; 5-ketogluconate; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • rhamnose; glycogen;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; melibiose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1982a); (Willems2011bBergey); (Mitsuoka1974);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • variable (weak)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Willems2011bBergey); (Mitsuoka1974);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;
  • NOTES

    Tests positive for malate dehydrogenase.

  • Mitsuoka, T, A Terada, K Watanabe & K Uchida (1974). Bacteroides multiacidus, a new species from the feces of humans and pigs. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 24: 35-41.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Selenomonadales Family:  Selenomonadaceae Genus:  Mitsuokella Alt. name:  Bacteroides multiacidus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and livestock animals
    DNA G+C(%):  56-58
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Milk:  curdle Meat:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  d(neg) Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  d(neg) Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  vr Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  vr Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  + Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg GluDC:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    kanamycin:  S(100; disc)
    neomycin:  R(25; disc)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 50; disc), MIC90: Var(50; disc
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 3U), MIC90: Var(3U
    rifampicin:  R(10; disc)
    colistin:  S(10; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MITSUOKELLA MULTACIDA
  • Shah1982a - Reclassification of Bacteroides multiacidus (mitsuoka, terada, watanabe and uchida) in a new genus Mitsuokella , as Mitsuokella multiacidus comb. nov.
  • Willems2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Veillonellaceae, Genus XIV. Mitsuokella
  • Chakravarthy2018 - Alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome in fungal Keratitis patients
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Maji2018 - Gut microbiome contributes to impairment of immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by alteration of butyrate and propionate producers
  • Ye2018 - A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet's disease
  • Mitsuoka1974 - Bacteroides multiacidus, a New Species from the Feces of Humans and Pigs.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MITSUOKELLA MULTACIDA
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR MITSUOKELLA MULTACIDA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021