Mycobacterium avium

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Mycobacterium avium is a Gram-variable, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 70%. Mycobacterium avium is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Thorel1990; Tsukamura1966; Wayne1966; Magee2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (sputum), and bird TB. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Thorel1990); (Tsukamura1966); (Wayne1966); (Magee2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase lipase C8;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Tsukamura1966); (Wayne1966);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Thorel1990);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • isoniazid;

  • Thorel, M. F., Krichevsky, M., & Lévy-Frébault, V. V. (1990). Numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of Mycobacterium avium, and description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 40(3), 254–260.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Mycobacteriales Family:  Mycobacteriaceae Genus:  Mycobacterium Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (sputum), and bird TB
    DNA G+C(%):  70
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg LeuAA:  d PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    streptomycin:  S(vr)
    azithromycin:  RNG: (4->256)
    clarithromycin:  RNG: (0.3->256)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    rifampicin:  S(vr)
    isoniazid:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM
  • Thorel1990 - Numerical Taxonomy of Mycobactin-Dependent Mycobacteria, Emended Description of Mycobacterium avium, and Description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov.
  • Tsukamura1966 - Adansonian Classification of Mycobacteria.
  • Wayne1966 - Classification and identification of mycobacteria. 3. Species within group 3.
  • Wayne1993 - Serovar Determination and Molecular Taxonomic Correlation in Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum: A Cooperative Study of the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy.
  • Magee2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Mycobacteriaceae, Genus I. Bifidobacterium
  • Heidarian2019 - Altered fecal bacterial composition correlates with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease and the extent of IL8 induction
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021