Mycoplasma hominis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Mycoplasma hominis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33.7%. Mycoplasma hominis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Brown2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (sinus, amniotic membrane - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Brown2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arginine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • josamycin;
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; spiramycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • telithromycin;

  • Munday, P. E., Furr, P. M., & Taylor-Robinson, D. (1981). The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in the cervix and anal canal of women. The Journal of Infection, 3(3), 253–257.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Tenericutes Class:  Mollicutes Order:  Mycoplasmatales Family:  Mycoplasmataceae Genus:  Mycoplasma Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (sinus, amniotic membrane - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  33.7
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Urea:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arg:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (>4-)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (32->64)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (>64-)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (>64-)
    quin-dalf:  RNG: (2-)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (>64-)
    spiramycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (32->64)
    telithromycin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    josamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.016-2)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: ≤0.015, RNG: (≤0.015-0.03)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.031, MIC90: 0.063, RNG: (0.016-0.031)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.015-0.06)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.06-0.12)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-1)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.063, RNG: (≤0.008-0.125)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.03-16)
    minocycline:  RNG: (<4-)
    tetracycline:  SensRNG: (<2-)
    rifampicin:  RNG: (>2-)
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (8-)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.031, RNG: (≤0.008-0.125)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS
  • Mygind1998 - DNA sequencing reveals limited heterogeneity in the 16S rRNA gene from the rrnB operon among five Mycoplasma hominis isolates.
  • Pettersson2000a - Updated phylogenetic description of the Mycoplasma hominis cluster (Weisburg et al. 1989) based on 16S rDNA sequences.
  • Brown2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Tenericutes. Family Mycoplasmataceae, Genus I. Mycoplasma
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021