Neisseria cinerea

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Neisseria cinerea is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 49–51%. Neisseria cinerea is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Barrett1994; Tonjum2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (nasopharynx, eye, proctitis - CCUG) and human faeces.. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Barrett1994); (Tonjum2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 35-37℃; Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; carbonic anhydrase; catalase; Gly arylamidase; oxidase; Pro arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • Ser arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Barrett1994); (Tonjum2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; telithromycin;
  • roxithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • telithromycin;
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Neisseriales Family:  Neisseriaceae Genus:  Neisseria Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci Pigment:  variable
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (nasopharynx, eye, proctitis - CCUG) and human faeces.
    DNA G+C(%):  49–51
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Mid T(℃):  35-37(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Carbonic anh.:  + α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyTrpAA:  neg GlyAA:  + HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg ProAA:  + PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  d(neg) TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  variable
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-8)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-4)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015-1)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.007, MIC90: 0.015, RNG: (<0.003-0.12)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.002–0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.007-0.12)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.064, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.016-1)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015-0.25)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.007, MIC90: 0.015, RNG: (0.007-0.015)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.002–0.06)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >256, RNG: (0.5->256)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: >256, RNG: (16->256)
    colistin:  Var

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR NEISSERIA CINEREA
  • Barrett1994 - A numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of the genus Neisseria.
  • Tonjum2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Neisseriaceae, Genus I. Neisseria
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR NEISSERIA CINEREA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021