Ochrobactrum intermedium

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ochrobactrum intermedium is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 58%. Ochrobactrum intermedium is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Velasco1998; Holmes2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Velasco1998); (Holmes2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adonitol; arabinose; d_arabitol; cellubiose; erythritol; fructose; fucose; galactose; gentiobiose; glucose; inositol; maltose; mannitol; rhamnose; sorbitol; trehalose; D-turanose; xylitol; alanine; D-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; aspartate; glutamate; glycine; histidine; leucine; ornithine; proline; serine; threonine; citrate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; succinate; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Velasco1998); (Holmes2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Holmes2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; aztreonam; mezlocillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; nalidixic-acid; pefloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; netilmycin;
  • kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fosfomycin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B; pristinamycin;
  • NOTES

    Unable to ferment glucose. Utilises alanyl-glycine, asparagine, bromosuccinate, D-carnitine, glucosamine, glycyl-glutamic acid, glycyl-aspartic acid, 4-hydroxybutyrate, hydroxy-L-proline, inosine, 2-ketobutyrate, methylsuccinate, and psicose, which is unusual.  Cannot utilise uridine, phenylethylamine or glycerol phosphate, however.

  • Müller, L. V. M., Arends, J. P., Harmsen, H. J. M., Talens, A., Terpstra, P., & Slooff, M. J. H. (1999). Ochrobactrum intermedium infection after liver transplantation. J. Clin. Microbiol, 37, 241–244.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Hyphomicrobiales Family:  Brucellaceae Genus:  Ochrobactrum Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  58
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Tween:  40(+), 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Ethanol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  + Erythritol:  + Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + Asp:  + Glu:  + Gly:  + His:  + Leu:  + Orn:  + Phe:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Adipate:  neg Citrate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + Lactate:  + Malonate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Quinate:  neg Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Res
    ampicillin:  Res
    aztreonam:  Res
    mezlocillin:  Res
    piperacillin:  Res
    ticarcillin:  Res
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefamandole:  Res
    cefoxitin:  Res
    ceftazidime:  Res
    cefuroxime:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Res
    netilmycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Res
    pristinamycin:  Res
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    pefloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Res
    fosfomycin:  Res
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR OCHROBACTRUM INTERMEDIUM
  • Velasco1998 - Evaluation of the relatedness of Brucella spp. and Ochrobactrum anthropi and description of Ochrobactrum intermedium sp. nov., a new species with a closer relationship to Brucella spp.
  • Holmes2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Brucellaceae, Genus III. Ochrobactrum
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR OCHROBACTRUM INTERMEDIUM
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pandey2012 - Comparative analysis of fecal microflora of healthy full-term Indian infants born with different methods of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean): Acinetobacter sp. prevalence in vaginally born infants.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021