Paenibacillus anaericanus

(aka Paenibacillus ginsengisoli)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus anaericanus, (aka Paenibacillus ginsengisoli), is a Gram-negative, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 42.6%. Paenibacillus anaericanus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Priest2011Bergey; Kim2011d; Horn2005; Lee2007a)



  • This organism has been recovered from the gut of an earthworm, Germany. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Priest2011Bergey); (Kim2011d); (Horn2005); (Lee2007a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; chitin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; doesn't tolerate 5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.8; tolerates pH 8.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 5℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 30-35℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; methyl xyloside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • amygdalin; L-arabinose; galactose; glycerol; melibiose; ribose; salicin; trehalose; D-turanose; xylose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; fructose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Priest2011Bergey); (Kim2011d); (Horn2005); (Lee2007a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; ethanol;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • Nitrite:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kim2011d); (Lee2007a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; imipenem;
  • oxacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • ceftazidime; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin; polymyxin B;
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Alt. name:  Paenibacillus ginsengisoli Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  the gut of an earthworm, Germany
    DNA G+C(%):  42.6
    Opt. T:  30-35℃
    Low T(℃):  5(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.7
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.8(+)
    pH >8:  8.6(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Casein:  neg Chitin:  + DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  20(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  + NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  d(neg) Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  neg D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  d Amygdalin:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Pectin:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  neg Glu:  neg His:  neg Pro:  neg Ser:  neg Acetate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Glycolate:  neg Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Lactate:  neg Malate:  neg Malonate:  neg Propionate:  neg Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Ethanol:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    oxacillin:  R(1; disc)
    imipenem:  S(10; disc)
    ceftazidime:  S(30; disc)
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    amikacin:  S(30; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    tobramycin:  S(10; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    norfloxacin:  S(10; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(30; disc)
    bacitracin:  S(10U)
    novobiocin:  S(30; disc)
    colistin:  R(10; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS ANAERICANUS
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • Kim2011d - Reclassification of Paenibacillus ginsengisoli as a later heterotypic synonym of Paenibacillus anaericanus.
  • Horn2005 - Dechloromonas denitrificans sp. nov., Flavobacterium denitrificans sp. nov., Paenibacillus anaericanus sp. nov. and Paenibacillus terrae strain MH72, N2O-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa.
  • Lee2007a - Paenibacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS ANAERICANUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022