Paenibacillus cookii

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus cookii is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 51.6%. Paenibacillus cookii is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Logan2004)



  • This organism has been recovered from Antarctic volcanic soils. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2004);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; galactose; glucose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; methyl xyloside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fructose; fucose; mannose; gluconate; 5-ketogluconate; methyl mannoside; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Logan2004);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; nitrofurantoin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  Antarctic volcanic soils
    DNA G+C(%):  51.6
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d Casein:  w
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  d Fucose:  d D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  w Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  d Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  d Me-Xyloside:  + NAc-α-GA:  d Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(25; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  S(25; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(100; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(50; disc)
    nitrofurantoin:  S(50; disc)
    colistin:  S(100; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS COOKII
  • Logan2004 - Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., from Antarctic volcanic soils and a gelatin-processing plant.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS COOKII
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • ...............................
    • Added: March 18, 2022