Paenibacillus durus

(aka Clostridium durum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus durus, (aka Clostridium durum), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 50%. Paenibacillus durus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Priest2011Bergey; Smith1974)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and deep sea sediment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Priest2011Bergey); (Smith1974);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 5.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 7.0% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 50℃; Grows optimally at 30–37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Priest2011Bergey); (Smith1974);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate; ethanolminor; propanolminor;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • NOTES

    Is able to fix N from N2.

  • Benno, Y., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, K., Narisawa, K., Bruce, W. R., & Mitsuoka, T. (1986). Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians. Microbiology and Immunology, 30(6), 521–532.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Alt. name:  Clostridium durum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and deep sea sediment
    DNA G+C(%):  50
    Opt. T:  30–37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  7.0(neg)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Aesculin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Ethanol:  minor Propanol:  minor H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS DURUS
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • Smith1974 - Clostridium durum, sp. nov., the predominant organism in a sediment core from the Black Sea.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS DURUS
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS DURUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021