Paenibacillus glucanolyticus

(aka Bacillus glucanolyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, (aka Bacillus glucanolyticus), is a Gram-negative, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.3-48.6%. Paenibacillus glucanolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Shida1997; Priest2011Bergey; Ferrand2013; Alexander1989)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shida1997); (Priest2011Bergey); (Alexander1989);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; DNA; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 5.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.7;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 17℃; grows at 37℃; strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; pullulan; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • acetate; citrate; succinate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shida1997); (Priest2011Bergey); (Alexander1989);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Ferrand2013);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus glucanolyticus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  48.3-48.6
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Low T(℃):  17(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.7(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d Starch:  + Casein:  d Chitin:  neg DNA:  + Tyrosine:  neg Pectin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  d(+) Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d(+) Mannitol:  d(+) Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Acetate:  d Citrate:  d Succinate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): 3), MIC90: Var(3
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 2), MIC90: Var(2
    gentamicin:  S(0.64)
    tobramycin:  S(1)
    erythromycin:  S(0.19)
    linezolid:  S(0.125)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.94), MIC90: Var(0.94
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(0.5)
    rifampicin:  S(0.002)
    SXT:  S(0.002/0.018)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS GLUCANOLYTICUS
  • Shida1997 - Transfer of Bacillus alginolyticus, Bacillus chondroitinus, Bacillus curdlanolyticus, Bacillus glucanolyticus, Bacillus kobensis, and Bacillus thiaminolyticus to the Genus Paenibacillus and Emended Description of the Genus Paenibacillus.
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • Ferrand2013 - Cardiac device-related endocarditis caused by Paenibacillus glucanolyticus.
  • Alexander1989 - Bacillus glucanolyticus, a New Species That Degrades a Variety of beta-Glucans.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS GLUCANOLYTICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS GLUCANOLYTICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021