Paenibacillus illinoisensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus illinoisensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 47.6–48.3%. Paenibacillus illinoisensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Shida1997a; Priest2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shida1997a); (Priest2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 5.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.5; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 50℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; inulin; starch; cellubiose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shida1997a); (Priest2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Lysozyme:
  • strain-dependent (0.001%)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  47.6–48.3
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.5(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  w DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg Tween:  20(+) 60(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Gluconate:  neg Asp:  neg Glu:  neg Acetate:  + Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Lactate:  neg Malate:  neg Malonate:  neg Propionate:  neg Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Phe deaminase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS ILLINOISENSIS
  • Shida1997a - Emended Description of Paenibacillus amylolyticus and Description of Paenibacillus illinoisensis sp. nov. and Paenibacillus chibensis sp. nov.
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS ILLINOISENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS ILLINOISENSIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021