Paenibacillus lautus

(aka Bacillus lautus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus lautus, (aka Bacillus lautus), is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 50–52%. Paenibacillus lautus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Djordjevic2000; Priest2011Bergey; Batchelor1919; Nakamura1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (cornea, blood - CCUG), soil and rat ticks. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Djordjevic2000); (Priest2011Bergey); (Batchelor1919); (Nakamura1984);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 5.0% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 28–30℃; doesn't grow at 50℃; Grows optimally at 28–30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; fucose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; glycogen; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside; methyl xyloside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; acetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Priest2011Bergey); (Batchelor1919); (Nakamura1984);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Loong2018);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem; meropenem;
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Batchelor, M. D. (1919). Aerobic spore-bearing bacteria in the intestinal tract of children. Journal of Bacteriology, 4(1), 23-34.15.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus lautus Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (cornea, blood - CCUG), soil and rat ticks
    DNA G+C(%):  50–52
    Opt. T:  28–30℃
    Lower T(℃):  28–30(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  + Me-Xyloside:  + NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Acetate:  + Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    penicillin:  R(10; disc)
    imipenem:  S(10; disc)
    meropenem:  S(10; disc)
    amikacin:  S(30; disc)
    gentamicin:  I(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  I(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    rifampicin:  R(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  R(30; disc)
    SXT:  R(25; disc)
    clindamycin:  R(2; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS LAUTUS
  • Djordjevic2000 - Genetic and Biochemical Diversity among Isolates of Paenibacillus alvei Cultured from Australian Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Colonies.
  • Loong2018 - Paenibacillus lautus, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, isolated from Ixodes granulatus Supino (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from a Müller's giant Sunda rat (Sundamys muelleri).
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • Batchelor1919 - Aerobic Spore-Bearing Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of Children
  • Nakamura1984 - Bacillus amylolyticus sp. nov., nom. rev., Bacillus lautus sp. nov., nom. rev., Bacillus pabuli sp. nov., nom. rev., and Bacillus validus sp. nov., nom. rev.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS LAUTUS
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS LAUTUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021