Paenibacillus provencensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus provencensis is a Gram-negative, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Paenibacillus provencensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Roux2008)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Roux2008);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; mannitol; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Roux2008);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Roux2008);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin;
  • oxacillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • pristinamycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • fusidic-acid; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • fosfomycin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • pristinamycin;
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid)
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  w Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  w Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  w L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  w Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  w Gluconate:  w 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  w Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  w NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Maltose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Res
    gentamicin:  Sens
    pristinamycin:  Sens
    ofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    teicoplanin:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    fosfomycin:  Res
    SXT:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Res
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS PROVENCENSIS
  • Roux2008 - Paenibacillus provencensis sp. nov., isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid, and Paenibacillus urinalis sp. nov., isolated from human urine.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS PROVENCENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS PROVENCENSIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021