Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 50.9-51.3%. Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Rivas2005; Priest2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from rhizosphere, soil and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rivas2005); (Priest2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; tolerates 5.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 7.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 50℃; Grows optimally at 28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; amygdalin; melibiose; sucrose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; gentiobiose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • mannose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rivas2005); (Priest2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  rhizosphere, soil and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  50.9-51.3
    Opt. T:  28℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7.0(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Amygdalin:  + Mannitol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Mannose:  d Gentiobiose:  + Maltose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Inositol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS RHIZOSPHAERAE
  • Rivas2005 - Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum.
  • Priest2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus I. Paenibacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS RHIZOSPHAERAE
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS RHIZOSPHAERAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021