Paenibacillus sabinae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus sabinae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 51.9-52.9%. Paenibacillus sabinae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ma2007)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, rhizosphere, and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ma2007);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.2; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 7.2.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ma2007);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Lysozyme:
  • inhibited (0.001%)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced

  • N/A

  • P. sabinae T27 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Sabina squamata. The bacterium contains a wide spectrum of genes for carbon utilization and carbohydrate, amino acid and inorganic ion transport. The genome of P. sabinae T27 contains the complete set of genes for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In addition to the metabolism of pentose, the non-oxidative PPP allows the production of intermediates necessary for nucleic acid synthesis. It contains the complete set of genes for the glycolysis pathway and allows production of acetyl-CoA. [PMID: 25163544]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Firmicutes have been thought to play an important role in evolution of nitrogen fixation. Studies on evolution of nitrogen fixation in Firmicutes mainly focused on the anaerobic diazotrophic Clostridia. Although Paenibacillus is a genus of Firmicute, its nitrogen fixation traits and evolution remains unclear. It is well known that Paenibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillusand then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993. Bacteria belonging to this genus have been detected in a variety of environments such as soil, water, rhizosphere, vegetable matter, forage and insect larvae, as well as clinical samples. Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus species have great potential for use as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture, but genomic information of these bacteria is lacking. [PMID: 25163544]

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, rhizosphere, and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  51.9-52.9
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.2
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.2(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Glycerol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Glycerol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Asp:  neg Citrate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS SABINAE
  • Ma2007 - Paenibacillus sabinae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere soils of shrubs.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS SABINAE
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS SABINAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: February 08, 2021