Paenibacillus typhae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paenibacillus typhae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 47.9%. Paenibacillus typhae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kong2013)



  • This organism has been recovered from an artificial wetland, China. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kong2013);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 3% salt; Grows optimally with 0.5% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 28-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; mannitol; xylitol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; methyl xyloside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • amygdalin; arbutin; cellubiose; dextrin; fructose; galactose; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; glycogen; lactose; maltose; maltotriose; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; raffinose; salicin; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; pyruvate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-β-galactoside; mannan; psicose; palatinose; inosine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; tryptophan deaminase; Val arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kong2013);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kong2013);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Paenibacillaceae Genus:  Paenibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  an artificial wetland, China
    DNA G+C(%):  47.9
    Opt. T:  28-30℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-7.5
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Casein:  + Tween:  20(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  + Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  + NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Arbutin:  + Dextrin:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg TrpAA:  + CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    cefotaxime:  S(0.05)
    kanamycin:  S(2)
    streptomycin:  S(6)
    azithromycin:  S(2)
    ofloxacin:  S(0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(0.1)
    rifampicin:  S(0.125)
    chloramphenicol:  S(1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENIBACILLUS TYPHAE
  • Kong2013 - Paenibacillus typhae sp. nov., isolated from roots of Typha angustifolia L.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENIBACILLUS TYPHAE
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022