Paeniclostridium ghonii

(aka Clostridium ghonii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paeniclostridium ghonii, (aka Clostridium ghonii), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 30.2%. Paeniclostridium ghonii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Jyothsna2016; Rainey2011fBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources, and soil. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Jyothsna2016); (Rainey2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; meat;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 4% salt; doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt; Grows optimally with 0-1% salt.
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0; tolerates pH 8.5; Grows optimally at pH 6-7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; leucine; phenylalanine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; butyrate; fumarate; glycolate; malate; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • lecithinase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Jyothsna2016); (Rainey2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate (major); propionate (trace); butyrate; lactate (trace); isobutyrate; ethanoltrace; propanoltrace; butanol; succinate (trace); isovalerate; Hâ‚‚S; ammonia; Hâ‚‚; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta(d(present))
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Jyothsna2016);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • fosfomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Paeniclostridium Alt. name:  Clostridium ghonii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources, and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  30.2
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Opt. pH:  6-7
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0(+)
    pH >8:  8.5(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  + Milk:  d Meat:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Leu:  + Phe:  + Thr:  + Trp:  + Tyr:  + Val:  + Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  + Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  + Glycolate:  + Lactate:  neg Malate:  + Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  Major(+) Propionate:  trace(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  + Ethanol:  trace Propanol:  trace Butanol:  + Succinate:  trace(+) Isovalerate:  + H2S:  + Ammonia:  + H2:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(100; disc)
    penicillin_G:  S(50; disc)
    gentamicin:  R(50; disc)
    kanamycin:  R(100; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(100; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(100; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(100; disc)
    rifampicin:  R(100; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(50; disc)
    fosfomycin:  R(100; disc)
    metronidazole:  S(100; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  R(100; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PAENICLOSTRIDIUM GHONII
  • Jyothsna2016 - Paraclostridium benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment and reclassification of Clostridium bifermentans as Paraclostridium bifermentans comb. nov. Proposal of a new genus Paeniclostridium gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium ghonii.
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Rainey2011fBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XI
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PAENICLOSTRIDIUM GHONII
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PAENICLOSTRIDIUM GHONII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021