Paludibaculum fermentans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paludibaculum fermentans is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 60.5%. Paludibaculum fermentans is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Kulichevskaya2014)



  • This organism has been recovered from littoral wetland, Russia. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Optimum growth temp is low (20-28C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kulichevskaya2014);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 1.1% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.0; tolerates pH 7.2; Grows optimally at pH 5.5-6.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 20-28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; sucrose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; starch; sucrose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; arginine; leucine; lysine; ornithine; valine; pyruvate; NH4+ consumed;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; fucosidase; β-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; Val arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kulichevskaya2014);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; CO₂; H₂;
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Thiosulfate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kulichevskaya2014);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;
  • lincomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Acidobacteria Class:  Acidobacteriia Order:  Bryobacterales Family:  Bryobacteraceae Genus:  Paludibaculum Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  littoral wetland, Russia
    DNA G+C(%):  60.5
    Opt. T:  20-28℃
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1.1(neg)
    Opt. pH:  5.5-6.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.0(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.2(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Chitin:  neg Pectin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Dulcitol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Methanol:  neg Pectin:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Ala:  + Arg:  + Gly:  neg Leu:  + Lys:  + Met:  neg Orn:  + Ser:  neg Val:  + Acetate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Caproate:  neg Citrate:  neg Formate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Malate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + CO2:  + H2:  + Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    streptomycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Res
    novobiocin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PALUDIBACULUM FERMENTANS
  • Kulichevskaya2014 - Paludibaculum fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative anaerobe capable of dissimilatory iron reduction from subdivision 3 of the Acidobacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PALUDIBACULUM FERMENTANS
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • ...............................
    • Added: March 18, 2022