Paraclostridium benzoelyticum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paraclostridium benzoelyticum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. The DNA G+C content is 28.3%. Paraclostridium benzoelyticum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Jyothsna2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from marine sediment samples, India. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Produces antimicrobials.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Jyothsna2016);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; mucin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; Grows optimally with 0.1% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 30-35℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; cellubiose; cellulose; fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; mannitol; mannose; sorbitol; starch; arginine; glutamate; leucine; proline; serine; threonine; benzoate; butyrate; caproate; fumarate; glycolate; malate; glutamine; urea; mucin; NH4+ consumed;
  • Active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Jyothsna2016);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Jyothsna2016);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • fosfomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Paraclostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  marine sediment samples, India
    DNA G+C(%):  28.3
    Opt. T:  30-35℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Sucrose:  neg Cellulose:  + Ethanol:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  + Ala:  neg Arg:  + Glu:  + His:  neg Leu:  + Phe:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Trp:  neg Val:  neg Benzoate:  + Butyrate:  + Caproate:  + Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  + Glycolate:  + Lactate:  neg Malate:  + Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Res
    rifampicin:  Res
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    fosfomycin:  Res
    metronidazole:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PARACLOSTRIDIUM BENZOELYTICUM
  • Jyothsna2016 - Paraclostridium benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment and reclassification of Clostridium bifermentans as Paraclostridium bifermentans comb. nov. Proposal of a new genus Paeniclostridium gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium ghonii.
  • Raimondi2021 - Identification of mucin degraders of the human gut microbiota.
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    • Added: December 31, 2022