Paracoccus denitrificans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Paracoccus denitrificans is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 65-67%. Paracoccus denitrificans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Nokhal1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from sewage, soil, manure and mud. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Nokhal1983);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 7% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0; tolerates pH 10; Grows optimally at pH 7.6.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 8℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 36℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; ethanol; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; maltose; mannitol; mannose; propanol; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; phenylalanine; proline; sarcosine; serine; acetate; formate; fumarate; glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; isobutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; 2-ketoglutarate; L-malate; pyruvate; succinate; glutamine; L-asparagine; D-glucuronate; L-lactate; creatinine; H2 consumed;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • methanol; rhamnose; ribose; D-tagatose; glycine; tyrosine; valine; malonate; phenol; propionate; suberate; 4-hydroxybutyrate; D-galacturonate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Nokhal1983);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Nokhal1983);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • carbenicillin;
  • cloxacillin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Rhodobacterales Family:  Rhodobacteraceae Genus:  Paracoccus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  sewage, soil, manure and mud
    DNA G+C(%):  65-67
    Opt. T:  36℃
    Low T(℃):  8(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.6
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  d Tween:  40(neg) 60(neg) 80(neg)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  d Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Cellulose:  neg Ethanol:  + Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  + Methanol:  d Propanol:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + Arg:  neg Asp:  + Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  d His:  + Ile:  + Leu:  + Lys:  neg Met:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  + Ser:  + Thr:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  d Val:  d Acetate:  + Benzoate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  neg Formate:  + Fumarate:  + Glycerate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  d L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenol:  d(neg) Propionate:  d Pyruvate:  + Suberate:  d(neg) Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    carbenicil:  S(100; disc)
    cloxacillin:  R(5; disc)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 10U), MIC90: Var(10U
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 25; disc), MIC90: Var(25; disc
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 15; disc), MIC90: Var(15; disc
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    oxytetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    chloramphenicol:  S(50; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PARACOCCUS DENITRIFICANS
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Rainey1999 - A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Paracoccus denitrificans and a proposal for the combination Paracoccus pantotrophus comb. nov.
  • Kelly2006 - Redefining Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus pantotrophus and the case for a reassessment of the strains held by international culture collections.
  • Nokhal1983 - Taxonomic Study of Paracoccus denitrificans
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PARACOCCUS DENITRIFICANS
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
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    • Added: September 24, 2022