Pediococcus acidilactici

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Pediococcus acidilactici is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 10 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41-43.5%. Pediococcus acidilactici is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Doi2009; Tanasupawat1993; Holzapfel2011Bergey; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from food fermentation, human faeces and clinical sources (abscess, fistula, blood). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. A probiotic.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Doi2009); (Tanasupawat1993); (Holzapfel2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt; doesn't tolerate 10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.5; tolerates pH 8.0; doesn't tolerate pH 9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; ribose; xylose; arbutin; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Tanasupawat1993); (Holzapfel2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Holzapfel2011Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; oxacillin; penicillin G;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; netilmycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Barros, R. R., Carvalho, M. G., Peralta, J. M., Facklam, R. R., & Teixeira, L. M. (2001). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pediococcus strains isolated from human clinical sources. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39(4), 1241–1246.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Pediococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  food fermentation, human faeces and clinical sources (abscess, fistula, blood)
    DNA G+C(%):  41-43.5
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.0(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  d(+) Hippurate:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  vr Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Gentiobiose:  vr Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  vr Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  vr Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  pseudo(vr) Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  + GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(1)
    oxacillin:  S(0.25)
    penicillin_G:  S(1)
    gentamicin:  S(0.25)
    kanamycin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    netilmycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 8), MIC90: Var(8
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2), MIC90: Var(2
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(64)
    vancomycin:  R(512)
    rifampicin:  S(0.25)
    chloramphenicol:  S(4)
    nitrofurantoin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI
  • Doi2009 - Pediococcus lolii sp. nov., isolated from ryegrass silage.
  • Tanasupawat1993 - Characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici Strains and Replacement of the Type Strain of P. acidilactici with the Proposed Neotype DSM 20284: Request for an Opinion.
  • Holzapfel2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus III. Pediococcus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: April 08, 2021