Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 18 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34-36%. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a common gut coloniser. (Gerritsen2014; Murdoch1998a; Ezaki2011fBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (various abscesses). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Gerritsen2014); (Murdoch1998a); (Ezaki2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; maltose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Gerritsen2014); (Murdoch1998a); (Ezaki2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate; isobutyrate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Murdoch1998a); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006b); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2003a); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefotiam; cefoxitin; cefuroxime;
  • cefaclor; cefixime; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; fidaxomicin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; pristinamycin; ranbezolid; telithromycin;

  • Benno, Y., Endo, K., Mizutani, T., Namba, Y., Komori, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(5), 1100–1105.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Peptostreptococcaceae Genus:  Peptostreptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (various abscesses)
    DNA G+C(%):  34-36
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  w(+) Mannose:  w(+) Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.125-32)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-4)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.125-16)
    ticarcillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-128)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 64, RNG: (≤0.03-128)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-2)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-2)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    cefaclor:  R(32)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5->32)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-64)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–8)
    cefixime:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >32,
    cefmetazole:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.03-128)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125-4)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    cefotiam:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-16)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (2–64)
    ceftizoxime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-16)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–32)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-16)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    fidaxomicin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–1)
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015-0.25)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-16)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-4)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-32)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125-32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.006-0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–128)
    chloramphenicol:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-2)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): ≤0.008, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (≤0.008-0.03)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS ANAEROBIUS
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Gerritsen2014 - Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov.
  • Murdoch1998a - Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci.
  • Ezaki2011fBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Peptostreptococcaceae, Genus I. Peptostreptococcus
  • Ventura2019 - Gut microbiome of treatment-naïve MS patients of different ethnicities early in disease course
  • Yachida2019 - Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Paster1993 - Phylogeny of the ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium sticklandii, and Clostridium aminophilum sp. nov.
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS ANAEROBIUS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS ANAEROBIUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021