Peribacillus simplex

(aka Bacillus simplex)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Peribacillus simplex, (aka Bacillus simplex), is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39.5-41.6%. Peribacillus simplex is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Heyrman2005a; Logan2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, various clinical specimens and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Heyrman2005a); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein; DNA;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2.0% salt; strain-variable at 5.0(d)%; doesn't tolerate 7.0% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • strain-variable at pH 5.0(d); tolerates pH 7.0-8.0; tolerates pH >9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 0-5℃; grows at 20-30℃; doesn't grow at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; ribose; sucrose; mannitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; maltose; trehalose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; fructose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; inositol; maltose; mannitol; rhamnose; ribose; sorbitol; trehalose; xylose; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; aspartate; glutamate; hippurate; histidine; proline; aconitate; benzoate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; lactate; malate; phenylacetate; phenylpropionate; propionate; succinate; glutamine; m-coumarate; gentisate; tricarballylate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Heyrman2005a); (Logan2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Peribacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus simplex Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, various clinical specimens and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  39.5-41.6
    Low T(℃):  0-5(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  20-30(+)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5.0(d)
    NaCl >6%:  7.0(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(d)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  >9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Starch:  + Casein:  d DNA:  d Pectin:  neg Tween:  20(+), 80(d)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d(w) Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  vr Glucose:  w(+) Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  w(+) Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(w) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(w) Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  w Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d(+) Sorbitol:  w Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  w Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + D-Arabitol:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  + Asp:  + Glu:  + Hippurate:  + His:  + Pro:  + Ser:  neg Aconitate:  + Benzoate:  + Citrate:  d Fumarate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Lactate:  + Malate:  + Phenylacetate:  + Phenylpropionate:  + Propionate:  + Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PERIBACILLUS SIMPLEX
  • Heyrman2005a - Study of mural painting isolates, leading to the transfer of 'Bacillus maroccanus' and 'Bacillus carotarum' to Bacillus simplex, emended description of Bacillus simplex, re-examination of the strains previously attributed to 'Bacillus macroides' and description of Bacillus muralis sp. nov.
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PERIBACILLUS SIMPLEX
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PERIBACILLUS SIMPLEX
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021