Porphyromonas asaccharolytica

(aka Bacteroides asaccharolyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, (aka Bacteroides asaccharolyticus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 12 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 52-54%. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Shah1988; Summanen2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and pelvic abscess. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1994a); (Shah1988); (Summanen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; fucosidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • Glu-Glu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1988); (Summanen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; isobutyrate (minor); isovalerate (minor); indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • black
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Summanen2010Bergey); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Citron2003); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin;
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; ranbezolid;
  • daptomycin;

  • N/A

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Porphyromonas currently includes 13 recognized species of asaccharolytic, obligately anaerobic, nonspore-forming, Gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic bacilli. Three of these are of human origin: Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis. P. asaccharolytica strain DSM 20707 is catalase-negative. Cells in broth are 0.8 to 1.5 um by 1.0 to 3.5 um, but occasionally longer cells are seen. Colonies on blood agar plates are smooth, shiny, convex, and 1 to 3 mm in diameter and darken progressively from the edge of the colony toward the center after 6 to 10 days. Eventually the whole colony becomes black due to protoheme production. Strain DSM 20707 was isolated from human empyema fluid overlying a subphrenic abscess (adapted from DOI;10.1099/00207713-38-1-128 and PMID 10317). [UP000006545]

  • Finegold, S. M., Strong, C. A., McTeague, M., & Marina, M. (1993). The importance of black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes in human infections. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 6(2–3), 77–82.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Porphyromonadaceae Genus:  Porphyromonas Alt. name:  Bacteroides asaccharolyticus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  black
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and pelvic abscess
    DNA G+C(%):  52-54
    Opt. T:  37℃
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  neg Lactose:  neg Inositol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Haemaggl.:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  d GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  vr LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Isovalerate:  minor(+) Indole:  + Pigment:  black
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.0125-64)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.015-0.03)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.06)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: ≤0.015, RNG: (≤0.015)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–1)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015–0.06)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.062, RNG: (0.06-0.12)
    cefalexin:  RNG: (0.03->32)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.125-128)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25–16)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-16)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.25)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.125-64)
    cefotiam:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.125->128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–32)
    ceftizoxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-16)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.125-64)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03-0.25), MIC90: S(0.03-0.25, RNG: (0.125->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03-1), MIC90: S(0.03-1, RNG: (0.03-32)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.03–128)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.015->32)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.0125-4)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-4)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.015->32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.016-0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.125-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-8)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  SensRNG: (0.06-4)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): <1, MIC90: <1, RNG: (<1)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (<1–4)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): <1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (<1–4)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1–2)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.125-2)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.008-0.25)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (0.008-0.03)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PORPHYROMONAS ASACCHAROLYTICA
  • Collins1994a - Phylogenetic Analysis of Members of the Genus Porphyromonas and Description of Porphyromonas cangingivalis sp. nov. and Porphyromonas cansulci sp. nov.
  • Shah1988 - Proposal for Reclassification of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides endodontalis in a New Genus, Porphyromonas.
  • Summanen2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Porphyromonadaceae, Genus I. Porphyromonas
  • Baxter2016 - Microbiota-based model improves the sensitivity of fecal immunochemical test for detecting colonic lesions
  • Tarallo2019 - Altered Fecal Small RNA Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Reflect Gut Microbiome Composition in Stool Samples
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PORPHYROMONAS ASACCHAROLYTICA
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: February 08, 2021