Porphyromonas endodontalis

(aka Bacteroides endodontalis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Porphyromonas endodontalis, (aka Bacteroides endodontalis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 49-51%. Porphyromonas endodontalis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Shah1988; Summanen2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental disease and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1994a); (Shah1988); (Summanen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine; gelatin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1988); (Summanen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; isobutyrate (minor); isovalerate (minor); H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • black
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Summanen2010Bergey); (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2006);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Walker, A. W., Sanderson, J. D., Churcher, C., Parkes, G. C., Hudspith, B. N., Rayment, N., Brostoff, J., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G., & Petrovska, L. (2011). High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Microbiology, 11, 7.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Porphyromonadaceae Genus:  Porphyromonas Alt. name:  Bacteroides endodontalis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  black
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  dental disease and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  49-51
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Arginine:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  neg Lactose:  neg Inositol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Haemaggl.:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  d α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  d GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Isovalerate:  minor(+) H2S:  + Indole:  + Pigment:  black
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(4)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.25)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.015, RNG: (0.015–0.03)
    ertapenem:  S(≤0.015/≤0.015)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.062, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.062, RNG: (0.06-0.12)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (1-4)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.064-4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.032-16)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PORPHYROMONAS ENDODONTALIS
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Collins1994a - Phylogenetic Analysis of Members of the Genus Porphyromonas and Description of Porphyromonas cangingivalis sp. nov. and Porphyromonas cansulci sp. nov.
  • Shah1988 - Proposal for Reclassification of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides endodontalis in a New Genus, Porphyromonas.
  • Summanen2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Porphyromonadaceae, Genus I. Porphyromonas
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PORPHYROMONAS ENDODONTALIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021