Porphyromonas levii

(aka Bacteroides levii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Porphyromonas levii, (aka Bacteroides levii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 46-48%. Porphyromonas levii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Johnson1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from cattle. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Johnson1983);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; meat; milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Sensitive(20)
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; lactose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • phenylalanine; tryptophan; L-asparagine;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Johnson1983);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; isobutyrate (minor); succinate (minor); isovalerate (minor);
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2011); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid; telithromycin;
  • daptomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Porphyromonadaceae Genus:  Porphyromonas Alt. name:  Bacteroides levii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  cattle
    DNA G+C(%):  46-48
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  S(20)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + Hippurate:  neg Milk:  + Meat:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Phe:  + Trp:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-4)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–2)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.25)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.015, RNG: (0.015–0.03)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.015–0.5)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (1-1)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (1->128)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–1)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.015–0.5)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.015–0.125)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.12-8)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–16)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–4)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–4)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2–>8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-1)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.125->128)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PORPHYROMONAS LEVII
  • Shah1995 - Reclassification of Bacteroides levii (Holderman, Cato, and Moore) in the genus Porphyromonas, as Porphyromonas levii comb. nov.
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2011 - In vitro activity of ceftazidime-NXL104 against 396 strains of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Johnson1983 - Bacteroides intermedius comb. nov. and Descriptions of Bacteroides corporis sp. nov. and Bacteroides levii sp. nov.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PORPHYROMONAS LEVII
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: May 15, 2022