Porphyromonas macacae

(aka Bacteroides macacae)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Porphyromonas macacae, (aka Bacteroides macacae), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 43-44%. Porphyromonas macacae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Love1995; Slots1980)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral cavities, subcutaneous abscesses, and pyothoraxes of animals, including cats and monkeys. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Love1995); (Slots1980);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; mannose; sucrose; sorbitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; chymotrypsin; α-galactosidase; trypsin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Love1995); (Slots1980);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate; isobutyrate (minor); isovalerate (minor); indole;
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; telithromycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Porphyromonadaceae Genus:  Porphyromonas Alt. name:  Bacteroides macacae Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  +
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral cavities, subcutaneous abscesses, and pyothoraxes of animals, including cats and monkeys
    DNA G+C(%):  43-44
    		Gelatin:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Haemaggl.:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + Trypsin:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Isovalerate:  minor(+) Indole:  + Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: ≤0.015, RNG: (≤0.015–0.06)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015–1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015–0.03)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.015–1)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–1)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.06)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125–2)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03–0.25)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–0.125)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–2)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–0.125)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–8)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125–8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 0.8, RNG: (2–>8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.015–0.125)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: ≤0.015, RNG: (≤0.015–0.03)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PORPHYROMONAS MACACAE
  • Love1995 - Porphyromonas macacae comb. nov., a Consequence of Bacteroides macacae Being a Senior Synonym of Porphyromonas salivosa.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Slots1980 - Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. macacae, a New Subspecies from Monkey Periodontopathic Indigenous Microflora.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PORPHYROMONAS MACACAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: May 15, 2022