Prevotella bivia

(aka Bacteroides bivius)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella bivia, (aka Bacteroides bivius), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 15 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40%. Prevotella bivia is a common gut coloniser. (Shah1990; Shah2010Bergeys; Holdeman1977; Watabe1983a)



  • This organism has been recovered from the vagina microbiome, clinical sources (abscess, urine - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Holdeman1977); (Watabe1983a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; meat; milk; starch;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; grows at 37℃; strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; glycogen; starch; lactose; maltose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Gly arylamidase; glycine aminopeptidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Holdeman1977); (Watabe1983a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (trace); isobutyrate (trace); succinate; isovalerate (trace);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2003a); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997); (Holdeman1977);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • penicillin; piperacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin; ceftizoxime;
  • cefaclor; cefalexin; cefepime; cefprozil; ceftazidime; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • teicoplanin;
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; ranbezolid; telithromycin;
  • daptomycin;

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Benno, Y., Endo, K., Mizutani, T., Namba, Y., Komori, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(5), 1100–1105.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Alt. name:  Bacteroides bivius Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  the vagina microbiome, clinical sources (abscess, urine - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  40
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Milk:  + Meat:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  d(+) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  + Starch:  + Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg GlyAP:  + AlanineAA:  + ArgAA:  neg GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  trace(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  trace(+) Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (≤0.125-128)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.125-4)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03–>32)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-4)
    penicillin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25-32)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03->32)
    piperacillin:  R(8/32)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: ≤0.125, RNG: (≤0.125-2)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-4)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-0.12)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-2)
    cefaclor:  R(32/-)
    cefalexin:  R(32/-)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (2->128)
    cefepime:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (1–>128)
    cefixime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1-16)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-64)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-8)
    cefpodoxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.25->64)
    cefprozil:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (8-16)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (2–>128)
    ceftizoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06-32)
    cefuroxime:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.5->64)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-32)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06->32)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): >512, MIC90: >512, RNG: (64->512)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06->32)
    quin-dalf:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-4)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-16)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.06/2)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2-8)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-8)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-16)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-8)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-8)
    sparfloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1–8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-4)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: >512, RNG: (64->512)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5–32)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-4)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.015->32)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA BIVIA
  • Shah1990 - Notes: Prevotella, a New Genus To Include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Related Species Formerly Classified in the Genus Bacteroides.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • Ramotar1984 - Production of menaquinones by intestinal anaerobes.
  • Maji2018 - Gut microbiome contributes to impairment of immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by alteration of butyrate and propionate producers
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Holdeman1977 - Bacteroides disiens sp. nov. and Bacteroides bivius sp. nov. from Human Clinical Infections.
  • Watabe1983a - Taxonomic Study of Bacteroides oralis and Related Organisms and Proposal of Bacteroides veroralis sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA BIVIA
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021