Prevotella brevis

(aka Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella brevis, (aka Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45-52%. Prevotella brevis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Avgustin1997; Shah2010Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and bovine rumen. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Avgustin1997); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; aesculin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Avgustin1997); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; propionate (trace); isobutyrate (trace); succinate; isovalerate (trace);
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Holdeman, L. V., Good, I. J., & Moore, W. E. (1976). Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 31(3), 359–375.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Alt. name:  Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and bovine rumen
    DNA G+C(%):  45-52
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Aesculin:  + Inulin:  w Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  w Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    G6PDH6PGDH:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  trace(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  trace(+) Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.5-128)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.062-64)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-16)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 256, RNG: (2->256)
    ceftizoxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.062-16)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5-128)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA BREVIS
  • Avgustin1997 - Phenotypic Diversity among Ruminal Isolates of Prevotella ruminicola: Proposal of Prevotella brevis sp. nov., Prevotella bryantii sp. nov., and Prevotella albensis sp. nov. and Redefinition of Prevotella ruminicola.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA BREVIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
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    • Added: April 08, 2021