Prevotella disiens

(aka Bacteroides disiens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella disiens, (aka Bacteroides disiens), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 13 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-42%. Prevotella disiens is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Shah1990; Shah2010Bergeys; Holdeman1977)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (abscess, vagina, wound - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Holdeman1977);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; meat; milk; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 25(d); grows at 31-37℃; strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; glycogen; starch; maltose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; α-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Gly arylamidase; glycine aminopeptidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Holdeman1977);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; propionate (trace); lactate (trace); isobutyrate (trace); succinate; isovalerate (trace);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2011); (Goldstein2006c); (Schaumann1999); (Holdeman1977);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoperazone; cefoxitin; ceftizoxime;
  • cefmetazole; cefotetan; cefotiam; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; ranbezolid;
  • daptomycin;

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Ramotar, K., Conly, J. M., Chubb, H., & Louie, T. J. (1984). Production of menaquinones by intestinal anaerobes. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 150(2), 213–218.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Alt. name:  Bacteroides disiens Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (abscess, vagina, wound - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  40-42
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(d)
    Mid T(℃):  31-37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Milk:  + Meat:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  + Starch:  + Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  vr β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg GlyAP:  + AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  trace(+) Lactate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  trace(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  trace(+) Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.0125-64)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.015-1)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03–>32)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-4)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125-0.125)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-2)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    cefmetazole:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: -, RNG: (1-128)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-8)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06-16)
    cefotetan:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5-64)
    cefotiam:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5->128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4-16)
    ceftizoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-2)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5-16)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.0125-4)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.016-0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-8)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-32)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–16)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–4)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.06->16)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (1->16)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.008-0.25)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA DISIENS
  • Shah1990 - Notes: Prevotella, a New Genus To Include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Related Species Formerly Classified in the Genus Bacteroides.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • Kishikawa2020 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome revealed novel aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2011 - In vitro activity of ceftazidime-NXL104 against 396 strains of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Schaumann1999 - In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.
  • Holdeman1977 - Bacteroides disiens sp. nov. and Bacteroides bivius sp. nov. from Human Clinical Infections.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA DISIENS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021