Prevotella enoeca

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella enoeca is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, filamentous bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 47%. Prevotella enoeca is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Moore1994; Shah2010Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral cavity and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Moore1994); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin; milk; starch;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; dextrin; glycogen; starch; lactose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • pectin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Moore1994); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; succinate (major); H₂S (most strains);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Moore1994); (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2000);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Filamentous Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral cavity and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  47
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  d Milk:  curdle Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  + Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Pectin:  d Erythritol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Succinate:  Major(+) H2S:  d(+) H2:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.015–32)
    piper-taz:  S(≤0.06/≤0.06)
    ertapenem:  S(0.125/0.25)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.8, MIC90: 0.8, RNG: (0.8)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    clindamycin:  S(1.6)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA ENOECA
  • Moore1994 - Descriptions of Prevotella tannerae sp. nov. and Prevotella enoeca sp. nov. from the Human Gingival Crevice and Emendation of the Description of Prevotella zoogleoformans.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA ENOECA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021