Prevotella loescheii

(aka Bacteroides loescheii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella loescheii, (aka Bacteroides loescheii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46.6%. Prevotella loescheii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Shah1990; Wu1992; Shah2010Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1990); (Wu1992); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; glycogen; inulin; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • aesculin; pectin; melibiose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1990); (Wu1992); (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta(d(neg))
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Wu1992); (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2013); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2011); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefotaxime; cefoxitin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; ranbezolid; telithromycin;
  • daptomycin;

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Alt. name:  Bacteroides loescheii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  +
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  46.6
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Milk:  curdles Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  d Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Starch:  + Pectin:  d(neg) Xylan:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  d(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg GlyAP:  neg AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.0125-64)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-1)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03–>32)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-4)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03-8)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.016-0.125)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.06-0.12)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-32)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-16)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-8)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (1->128)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-8)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-4)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.0125-4)
    roxithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125-16)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-16)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.5-4)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.06/2)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.032-4)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-32)
    sparfloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1–8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06-8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.032-16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.06->16)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (1->16)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.008-0.25)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA LOESCHEII
  • Shah1990 - Notes: Prevotella, a New Genus To Include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Related Species Formerly Classified in the Genus Bacteroides.
  • Wu1992 - Emended Descriptions of Prevotella denticola, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella veroralis, and Prevotella melaninogenica.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2011 - In vitro activity of ceftazidime-NXL104 against 396 strains of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA LOESCHEII
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021