Prevotella nigrescens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella nigrescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-44%. Prevotella nigrescens is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Shah2010Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (dental disease, wound - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glycogen; starch; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • inulin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; fucosidase; α-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah2010Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; isobutyrate; succinate; isovalerate; indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; H₂;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • Pigments:
  • produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2013a); (Tyrrell2012);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;
  • daptomycin;
  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]
  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website] Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Macfarlane, S., Furrie, E., Cummings, J. H., & Macfarlane, G. T. (2004). Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 38(12), 1690–1699.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  +
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (dental disease, wound - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  40-44
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  d Starch:  + Xylan:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  + H2S:  neg H2:  neg Indole:  + Pigment:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.5)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.25)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03–>32)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    piper-taz:  S(≤0.125/≤0.125)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.031, MIC90: 0.062, RNG: (0.03-0.06)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.016-0.125)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.016-0.06)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.016-0.125)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125-16)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.03-0.06)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): >512, MIC90: >512, RNG: (64->512)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: ≤0.5, RNG: (≤0.5-1)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.5)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–8)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: >512, RNG: (64->512)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-≤0.03)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA NIGRESCENS
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Kuhnert2002 - Phylogenetic analysis of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical strains reveals a clear species clustering.
  • Shah1993 - Proposal of a new species Prevotella nigrescens sp. nov. among strains previously classified as Pr. intermedia.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA NIGRESCENS
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021