Prevotella oralis

(aka Bacteroides oralis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Prevotella oralis, (aka Bacteroides oralis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 14 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42-46%. Prevotella oralis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Shah1990; Shah2010Bergeys; Loesche1964; Watabe1983a)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, drainage fluid - CCUG), oral flora, and chicken gut. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Loesche1964); (Watabe1983a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; starch;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; glycine aminopeptidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shah1990); (Shah2010Bergeys); (Loesche1964); (Watabe1983a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; isobutyrate (minor); succinate; isovalerate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2013b); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006c); (Schaumann1999); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem;
  • ampicillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoperazone; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • NOTES

    Since this non-motile organism is an obligate anaerobe, it thrives in gingival pockets within the human mouth, as well as in biofilms established by other microbes. It encodes for malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, which allows it to ferment dextrin, fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, raffinose, starch, starch and sucrose [1]. It requires hemin and menadione for growth [2], and is incapable of reducing nitrate. Different strains have surfaced with resistance to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone antibiotics. In addition, cultured P. oris strains produced an immunoglobulin A protease, hyaluronidase and beta-lactamase enzymes [9].

  • N/A

  • Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low_grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) _mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll_like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17_polarizing cytokines by antigen_presenting cells, including interleukin_23 (IL_23) and IL_1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL_8, IL_6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella_mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. [PMID: 28542929]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Prevotella species are anaerobic Gram_negative bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which also includes the clinically important genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas. Prevotella strains are classically considered commensal bacteria due to their extensive presence in the healthy human body and their rare involvement in infections. Only a few strains have been reported to give rise to opportunistic endogenous infections, including chronic infections, abscesses and anaerobic pneumonia. [PMID: 28542929]

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Prevotellaceae Genus:  Prevotella Alt. name:  Bacteroides oralis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, drainage fluid - CCUG), oral flora, and chicken gut
    DNA G+C(%):  42-46
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d(+) Starch:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  d(+) Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d(+) Ribose:  d(+) Cellubiose:  d(+) Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  d(+) Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg GlyAP:  + AlanineAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Succinate:  + Isovalerate:  minor(+) H2:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.015-1)
    ampicillin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    amp-sulb:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06->128)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    piperacillin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.25-128)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 64, RNG: (≤0.03-64)
    ticarcillin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06-64)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06->128)
    ertapenem:  S(0.125/0.25)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.062, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.06-0.12)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.125-128)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06-16)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06-64)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.125-64)
    cefotiam:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.125->128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    ceftizoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    moxalactam:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.125-64)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016-0.2)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-4)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-32)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.032-8)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PREVOTELLA ORALIS
  • Shah1990 - Notes: Prevotella, a New Genus To Include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Related Species Formerly Classified in the Genus Bacteroides.
  • Shah2010Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Bacteroidetes. Family Prevotellaceae, Genus I. Prevotella
  • AlpizarRodriguez2019 - Prevotella copri in individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis
  • RajilicStojanovic2011 - Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Schaumann1999 - In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Loesche1964 - Bacteroides Oralis , Proposed New Species Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Man.
  • Watabe1983a - Taxonomic Study of Bacteroides oralis and Related Organisms and Proposal of Bacteroides veroralis sp. nov.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PREVOTELLA ORALIS
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: February 08, 2021