Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Propionibacterium freudenreichii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Dekio2015)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dekio2015);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; glucose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; erythritol; inositol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • ribose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; acid phosphatase; catalase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; lysine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dekio2015);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2000);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Propionibacteriales Family:  Propionibacteriaceae Genus:  Propionibacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg LysAP:  + AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015–0.5)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–.128)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–1)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–4)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PROPIONIBACTERIUM FREUDENREICHII
  • Dekio2015 - Dissecting the taxonomic heterogeneity within Propionibacterium acnes: proposal for Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum subsp. nov.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PROPIONIBACTERIUM FREUDENREICHII
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021