Proteus penneri

(aka Proteus vulgaris Indole Negative)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Proteus penneri, (aka Proteus vulgaris Indole Negative), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Proteus penneri is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Hickman1982a; O'Hara2000; Penner2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, blood, atherosclerotic plaques). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Hickman1982a); (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; tyrosine; urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; xylose; maltose; sucrose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-glucosidase; phenylalanine deaminase; tryptophan deaminase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Hickman1982a); (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S (variable);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Hickman1982a); (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • aztreonam; imipenem;
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime;
  • cefazolin; cefotaxime; cefpodoxime; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; netilmycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; nitrofurantoin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;

  • Müller, H. E. (1986). Occurrence and pathogenic role of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group bacteria in human feces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 23(2), 404–405.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Morganellaceae Genus:  Proteus Alt. name:  Proteus vulgaris Indole Negative Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, blood, atherosclerotic plaques)
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  d(+) DNA:  w Tyrosine:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  w Amygdalin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  w Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Acetate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malonate:  neg Mucate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  + TrpAA:  + Lipase:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  vr Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    aztreonam:  S(≤1)
    carbenicil:  Var(MIC50): 100; disc), MIC90: Var(100; disc
    penicillin:  R(10U; disc)
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefotaxime:  R(>64)
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    cefpodoxime:  R(16)
    ceftazidime:  S(≤2)
    ceftizoxime:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  Res
    cephalothin:  R(30; disc)
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    netilmycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    tobramycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  S(0.015/0.25)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.008/0.06)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(30; disc)
    norfloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    tigecycline:  Res
    bacitracin:  Res
    chloramphenicol:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    sulfadiazine:  Var(MIC50): 250), MIC90: Var(250
    colistin:  R(10; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PROTEUS PENNERI
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Hickman1982a - Identification of Proteus penneri sp. nov., formerly known as Proteus vulgaris indole negative or as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1.
  • O'Hara2000 - Classification, Identification, and Clinical Significance of Proteus, Providencia and Morganella.
  • Penner2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XXIX. Proteus
  • SelberHnatiw2020 - Metabolic networks of the human gut microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PROTEUS PENNERI
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PROTEUS PENNERI
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021